Tips and Tricks to Adjust Sewing Machine Tension
Tightening or loosening the thread tension on a sewing machine is often necessary to get a good stitch quality on different types of fabrics. Many professional seamstresses agree that stitches should not be too loose or too tight. A sewing machine’s tension controls should be adjusted for every fabric type, which can be a daunting task for beginners. Thankfully, expert seamstresses have shared insider tips to make it easier to adjust the tension on a sewing machine.
Test First, Sew Second
Before even threading a sewing machine, it’s important to determine the correct thread tension. Most professional seamstresses recommend the basic “test square” to set thread tension. This involves taking a scrap fabric and making a sample square with a straight stitch, followed by an overcast stitch. Then, they check whether the tension is even on the sample and make any necessary adjustments. This simple test square should be done before each and every project, as it can save a lot of time and frustration.
Guide to Tension Adjustments
Adjusting the tension setting on a sewing machine can be difficult. It’s tempting to set the tensions too low or too high, but this can cause serious issues. If the tensions are too low, the stitches will be too loose or too close together. If the tensions are too high, there will be too many loops and puckers. Most sewing machines have a standard tension setting, which can usually be adjusted from 0-9. Starting at a medium setting usually works; if the stitches aren’t quite right, move up one increment and try again.
The Right Thread
Choosing the right thread is just as important as adjusting the tension setting. Thread thickness and fiber content can significantly affect the quality of the stitches. For example, using a thin, cotton thread will require a higher tension setting than using a thick, polyester thread. Beginners should opt for quality threads, even if they are more expensive. This ensures that the stitches come out evenly and can save time in the long run.
Master the Lower Tension
Lightweight fabrics require lower tension settings, as they are more prone to stretch or puckers. The best way to adjust tension on an ultra-light weight fabric is to practice on a sample square. Professional seamstresses recommend adjusting the tension to the lowest setting, then gradually increasing it until you find the right setting that produces the best stitch. Even white balance thread is ideal for these kinds of delicate fabrics.
Uneven vs. Even Stitch Length
Uneven stitch lengths can be signs that the tensions are not even. If some stitches are too tight and other stitches are too loose, it’s usually because one or both of the tensions are too high or too low. To avoid this, double check that both tensions are set exactly the same. This will help to ensure that the stitches are even and uniform.
Reducing Thread Breaking
Threads can break easily due to a few common causes. One of the most common causes of thread breaking is using incorrect thread for the tension setting. If the tension setting is too high, it can cause the thread to snap. Lowering the tension setting can help reduce the chances of thread breaking. Additionally, always opt for quality threads and make sure that the sewing machine is properly threaded.
Seam Finishes
Sometimes, the easiest way to adjust the tension on a sewing machine is with a seam finish. This can be as simple as a zigzag stitch, which not only helps to secure the seam but also prevents fabric fraying. Another option is to use a serger machine, which is specially designed to finish seam allowances quickly and efficiently. Seam finishes can help to adjust the tension and ensure that the stitches come out looking neat and tidy.
Tension Checklist
Adjusting the tension on a sewing machine is an important part of achieving good quality stitches. To get it just right, professional seamstresses recommend following this simple tension checklist:
- Test square: always use a test square before sewing.
- Tension setting: adjust the tension from a medium start; if that doesn’t work, adjust it bit by bit.
- Thread type: use quality thread for best results.
- Lower thread: for lightweight and delicate fabrics, reduce the tension to its lowest setting.
- Thread breaking: if the thread is breaking, adjust the tensions.
Balanced Tension Needles
Every sewing machine needs a good quality tension check needle to help keep the tensions even. Tension check needles are specially designed to “test” the tensions on both the upper and lower threads. The needle helps to “check” tensions by forcing the upper thread to go downwards and reducing any stretching. This helps to keep the tensions even and prevent any unwanted puckers or loops.
Friction and Static
Another factor to consider when adjusting tensions is friction and static. Non-metallic threads, such as cotton and rayon, are particularly vulnerable to static and friction. To reduce any static build-up, metal threads and lint brushes can be used. This ensures that the threads glide smoothly and does not stick to the fabrics. Additionally, metal threads can also help to prevent any unwanted “bunches” in the stitches.
Upper Thread Tension
Many beginners make the mistake of relying solely on the lower thread tension setting. While the lower thread tension setting is important, the upper thread tension setting is just as important. The upper thread tension setting helps to control the length of the stitches, so it should always be adjusted accordingly. Most sewing machines have adjustable upper thread tension settings, which can be used to adjust the length of the stitches.
Tightening Tools
A tightening tool can be extremely useful when adjusting thread tensions. These tools allow one to both tighten and loosen tensions quickly and easily. It’s especially useful for hard-to-reach tension settings, as it helps to make small adjustments quickly. Additionally, it can be used as a ‘guide’ when tightening or loosening the tensions, which helps to ensure that the final setting is correct.
