Sewing Machine Tension Basics
Adjusting the thread tension on a sewing machine is a critical step to creating professional looking seams. Poor tension is one of the most common issues that crafters face when operating their machines and the adjustments made will depend on the type of fabric and sewing stitch being used. It is important to understand the fundamentals of thread tension to ensure the resulting seams will be strong and durable, regardless of the type of craft.
The bobbin and upper thread tensions control how the upper and lower threads interact in the sewing machine, creating a balanced weave that reinforces the seam. If the tension is too loose, the upper thread will not be able to lock the stitches, resulting in weak stitching and the seam will unravel. On the other hand, if the tension is too tight, the fabric can become distorted and the stitches may be too tight and cause the fabric to pucker.
To adjust the thread tension on a sewing machine, first examine the fabric and thread being used. If the fabric is lightweight, a low tension is usually recommended. Conversely, heavier fabrics will require a tighter tension setting to make sure the stitches are even and hold. Threads made from synthetic fibers generally require more tension than natural fibers of similar thickness.
The tension setting can be adjusted directly on the machine, with a mechanism that either rotates or moves back and forth. It is useful to start with the tension dial at the center setting and make small adjustments. Test the tension by taking a few stitches on scrap fabric, checking that the upper thread is not too loose or too tight. If the tension needs to be adjusted further, do so in small increments until the desired level is reached.
Other considerations when adjusting the thread tension of a sewing machine include the size and quality of the needle being used as well as the specific type of seam. When sewing thicker fabrics such as denim, a spiral needle is recommended and a slightly higher tension is needed than for lighter fabrics such as silk. Finally, zigzag and topstitching seams require a slightly tighter tension than straight seams.
Presser Foot Type
Thread tension also depends on the type of presser foot being used. There are three main types: roller feet, walking feet and all-purpose feet. Industrial sewing machines usually come with roller feet which work best with medium and heavy weight fabrics. These feet are designed to press the fabric flat as it moves through the machine and the tension needs to be higher to prevent the fabric from slipping. Walking feet are suitable for the same types of fabrics. They provide better traction and allow thicker layers of fabric to be fed through the machine. All-purpose feet are suitable for both light and medium weight fabrics, but the tension needs to be adjusted to the type of fabric.
When purchasing a new sewing machine, it is best to check the manufacturer’s specifications and follow their recommendations. Many modern machines come with automatic tension settings that make it easier to adjust the tension in accordance with the fabric and presser foot being used. However, even with these modern machines, it is recommended to test the tension settings on scrap fabric to ensure the stitches are even, the thread does not break, and there are no skipped stitches.
Accuracy and Precision
Accurate and precise stitching is key to creating garments and other projects that look professional and stand the test of time. Although the idea of setting sewing machine tension may seem daunting, a little knowledge and basic understanding will go a long way. By taking the time to adjust appropriately, crafters will produce better results, longer lasting projects and beautiful, seamstress-like stitches.
To ensure accuracy of stitching and prevent skipped stitches, consider using a sewing machine lubricant and clean the bobbin area before making any adjustments. This will help ensure the machine is running smoothly and the tension settings will stay in place. Sewing machine needles also need to be changed regularly as they can become blunt and can cause poor tension.
Determining Tension Settings
The best way to determine the optimum tension for the fabric and thread being used is to experiment. Start with the recommended settings and then make small adjustments until the desired result is achieved. With practice, crafters will learn how to set and adjust the machine tension quickly and easily. Keeping a log of tension settings can be helpful and will save time when repeating a project or when switching fabrics or threads.
It is also helpful to purchase a variety of spools of thread so that crafters can evaluate different options and determine which is best for their projects. Choosing the right thread will make a big difference in how the final garment looks and is also important for overall quality and strength.
Troubleshooting Techniques when Adjusting Tension
If the tension settings seem correct but the fabric puckers or brittle threads form, try a looser setting as too high of a tension can cause these issues. If the seams don’t seem secure, double check that the upper and lower tension settings are the same. If the thread is looping on the underside of the fabric, turn up the tension until the thread stays put.
Incorrect tension can also cause fabric to stretch more than usual and can lead to unraveling. To correct this issue, try increasing the tension. When the thread is puckered across the fabric, lowering the tension setting is the most likely solution. If the thread keeps breaking, decrease the tension setting and use a higher quality thread.
Maintenance Tips
To ensure lasting results and create seamless projects, well adjusted sewing machine tension is a must. Regular machine maintenance is essential and it is important to consult with a service technician or read a manual if the machine is not operating properly. While newer machines will often give a warning if the tensions are off, the setting must be manually adjusted to the best level for each fabric and stitch.
Regularly cleaning the machine, especially the bobbin area, will help maintain correct tension settings. The needle type should also be checked and changed when it begins to dull. With adequate maintenance, crafters can ensure their machines are running optimally and the tension settings will remain accurate for all their projects.
Conclusion
Adjusting the tension on a sewing machine is essential for creating professional quality fabrics. Understanding the basics and the process behind making the adjustments is key to achieving the desired results. With practice, crafters will easily be able to set and adjust the thread tension, ensuring their projects will look amazing and last over time.
