Threading the Machine
In order to get started, the first step when setting up a sewing machine is threading the machine. Begin by winding the bobbin, or spool of thread. Most sewing machines have an in-built spool holder, though a separate spool holder may be necessary for thick thread. Next, place the bobbin into the machine so that it spins in a counter-clockwise direction and pass the thread up through the guides of the machine into the needle. The last step is to select the straight stitch setting. This will be the basis of your sewing. It is important to also remember to make sure the correct tension is set on the machine as this will make all the difference when it comes to a professional result.
Adjusting the Needle
The second step when setting up a sewing machine is to adjust the needle. Check the manual for the height of the needle that should be set for the type of fabric being used. This is important as if the needle is too high it can cause damage to the machine, but if it is too low, the sewing will be too loose. The technique for adjusting the needle can differ from machine to machine, but generally you will find two screws located on either side of the needle that allow you to adjust its height. Once this is done, test out the straight stitch by sewing a few stitches on a scrap piece of fabric.
Selecting the Presser Foot
The presser foot is the attachment which will help to keep the fabric units together whilst the needle and thread are stitching. It is important to use the correct presser foot for the specific type of fabric. Different fabrics such as denim, light cotton or silk require different kinds of presser feet to achieve the best results.It is usually a fairly easy task to change the foot attachment. Most machines come with a few foot attachments and this should be enough. To attach the foot, line up the pins on the foot with the slots on the machine and then press down the lever to lock it into place.
Setting the Stitch Length and Width
Stitch length and width refer to how big or small each stitch should be. This is where personal preference comes in, as the desired length and width can differ depending on the project at hand. Generally, for most projects, the stitch length should be set between 2-3 millimetres and the stitch width should be set between 0-4 millimetres. Again, this will all depend on the type of fabric used and the look you are aiming for. After the desired stitch length and width have been set, test out the machine using a scrap piece of fabric before moving onto the real project.
Changing Needles and Threads
When working on a project that requires different colours and types of thread, it will be necessary to change the needles and threads regularly. To do this, turn the machine off and unplug it before carefully taking out the bobbin and replacing the needle. Make sure to use the correct needle size as this will depend on the type of fabric being used. For finer fabrics, a finer needle is usually recommended. Once this is done, switch the threads to the desired colour and thread the bobbin and machine as before. When threading the machine for the first time, it is wise to pull out more than the usual amount of thread to ensure a proper connection between the needle and bobbin.
Troubleshooting
Occasionally, a few common problems can arise whilst setting up a sewing machine. If the stitches are looping, it may be because the needle is too low. Try raising it and also checking the tension of the thread as this can also cause this issue. On the other hand, if there are skipped stitches, it may be because the needle is too high or the fabric is thick – try changing the type of needle and adjusting the tension of the thread. Sometimes, the needle may not be correctly inserted or the thread not correctly tensioned. To try and fix this, double check the needle is correctly placed and the thread is tensioned correctly.
Maintenance and Care
It is vitally important to take proper care of the sewing machine to ensure it lasts a long time and works efficiently. Sewing machines should be cleaned and oiled regularly – this will depend on frequency of use, but every few months should be sufficient. When cleaning, use a small brush to remove any lint or fluff and then use a good quality sewing machine oil to keep the parts well-lubricated. After every use, check for any snags or threads that may be blocking the mechanisms of the machine and clean the bobbin and needle area.
Sewing for Different Fabric Types
When sewing, the type of fabric plays a big role in the success of the project. Different fabrics require different settings such as stitch length, width and tension as some fabrics are heavier and some are lighter. It is important to remember to use the appropriate needle for each fabric, as this will make sewing much easier. Lightweight fabrics such as chiffon and silk, require a smaller needle while heavier fabrics such as denim require a larger needle. If unsure, do a test on a scrap piece of fabric before beginning a project to get the right settings.
Adding Different Details and Embellishments
Adding details and embellishments to a project is an enjoyable part of sewing. Cuffs, pockets and buttons are all popular additions that can really enhance a garment, though these often require special settings on the machine. It is best to refer to the manual when setting up the machine for specific details. However, if the project is a simple one, look out for features such as basting and decorative stitches that can be used to add a few details to the garment.
Storing the Machine
Finally, when not in use, it is very important to turn the sewing machine off, unplug it and store it in a safe, dust-free and well-ventilated area. Make sure the machine is out of sunlit areas as this can discolour the plastic and even cause parts of the machine to weaken and break. Investing in a quality sewing machine cover can really help to protect the machine when not in use. Other than that, regular maintenance and care will keep the sewing machine in optimum condition for as long as possible.
