Whether it’s a homemade quilt or a tailored outfit, a piece of quality clothing starts with a quality sewing machine. Understanding tension control on a sewing machine is key to achieving the desired stitch quality. It regulates how the top and bottom threads interweave on a specified fabric, allowing for a consistent stitch that is strong, even, and attractive.
The tension control on a sewing machine is controlled by a dial or slider. It is often labelled A, B, or 1-10, and distinguishes between tensions for the bobbin and the needle thread. The bobbin tension should be set first, as it controls how the lower thread develops.
When operating a sewing machine, the tension of the upper needle thread needs to be manually adjusted. It is the upper tension that determines the position of the lower thread and therefore the appearance of the stitch on the fabric. A too-loose or too-tight stitch can lead to puckering and missed stitches.
The thread should be threaded through the lower thread tension control before being threaded through the needle. If the tension of the lower thread is too tight, it won’t be able to slide through the groove in the tension disk, resulting in an inconsistent tension. Similarly, if the tension of the upper thread is too loose, the stitches will look uneven and may even pull apart.
When two different threads are used, the tension of their respective stitches may need to be adjusted to ensure harmony. If this is not done, the stitches will appear confusing and inconsistent. A stitch that is too tight will pull the fabric and disrupt the flow, while a stitch that is too loose will appear weak and wavy.
Testing the tension of the thread on a scrap piece of fabric is an important step to ensure correct tension. This will also help to identify any trouble areas with the tension disk if it is not consistent. If the tension disk is too loose, it can be tightened with a tension disk screw.
It is important to remember that the tension of the thread should never be set to zero, as the stitch may become too loose. Similarly, the tension should never be set too high, as this may cause the fabric to pucker or pull.
Types of Sewing Machines
There are different types of sewing machines available, each of which come equipped with a different tension mechanism. Manual sewing machines often require the user to manually adjust the tension, while computerized models often feature a built-in tension control that is simple to adjust.
Typically, the tension adjustment on computerized models is more precise than manual machines, offering fine-tuned control that is easier to adjust. On the other hand, manual machines may require some adjustment to get the tension just right.
It is important to know the make and model of your sewing machine before adjusting the tension as the process may differ from one machine to another.
Thread Types and Its Impact on Tension
The type of thread used may also affect the tension of the stitches. Thin threads require a looser tension while thicker threads require a higher tension setting.
In addition, certain machine settings may also affect the tension. Zigzag stitches, for example, require a slightly higher tension. This can be adjusted by increasing the top tension or by increasing the pressure of the presser foot.
Generally, polyester threads require a slightly higher tension setting than cotton threads as polyester tends to be less elastic. It is important to test the thread tension by stitching a few test stitches on a scrap piece of fabric before beginning a project.
Factors That Impact Tension
In addition to thread choice and machine settings, the type of fabric also affects tension. Fabrics such as denim and thick canvas require a higher tension setting, as the threads tend to slip through the fabric more easily.
Thread weight and the size of the needle also play a role in the tension. Thinner threads require a lower tension, while thicker threads require a higher tension. Similarly, a larger needle requires a higher tension setting than a smaller needle.
It is important to test the tension by stitching a few test stitches on a scrap piece of fabric before beginning a project. This will help ensure that the tension is correct and the stitches will look neat and even.
Troubleshooting Tension Issues
If the tension of the thread is not set correctly, the stitches may appear wavy, uneven, or pulled apart. To troubleshoot tension issues, it is important to first check the tension of the upper thread and the lower thread. If both threads have the same tension, the issue may simply be a threading issue, in which case the thread needs to be re-threaded.
If the tension is off, the first step is to adjust the upper tension. If this does not work, the tension disk may need to be adjusted. If the tension disk is too tight, it can be loosened with a tension disk screw. However, if the tension disk is too loose, it may need to be replaced.
In some cases, the tension may need to be adjusted for specific fabrics. For example, denim and thick canvas require a higher tension setting, while thin and delicate fabrics require a lower tension.
Summary
Understanding tension control on a sewing machine is key to achieving the desired stitch quality. It determines how the top and bottom threads interweave to create an even and strong stitch. Tension is controlled by a dial or slider that regulates the upper and lower threads. Different fabrics and threads require different tension settings, so it is important to adjust the tension accordingly. Additionally, the make and model of the machine should be taken into consideration when adjusting the tension. If the tension is not set correctly, it may be necessary to re-thread or adjust the tension disk. With some trial and error, the perfect tension can be achieved.
