Sewing machines are used extensively by individuals and businesses alike for various types of stitching and embroidery. But regardless of the application, the satisfaction of creating a work of art with a sewing machine is incomparable.
Adjusting the tension on a sewing machine is often a necessary step to stabilise bad stitches, to maintain a consistent level of stitch quality, and to maintain the life of the sewing machine. This short tutorial will explain how to do this on a Brother sewing machine.
First of all, it is important to ensure that the bobbin and the spool are properly threaded. Next, adjust the top tension dial which is usually located on the right side or in the front of the sewing machine. To increase the tension, turn the dial clockwise. To decrease the tension, turn the dial counter-clockwise. Test the tension by taking a few practice stitches on a scrap piece of fabric. If the stitches look too tight, decrease the tension, and if the stitches look too loose, increase the tension.
To further improve the stitch quality and to eliminate multiple layers of thread, do a tension test on a piece of the actual fabric you are going to work with. This will give you an accurate idea of the type of tension that is needed for that fabric. If the stitch quality is still not satisfactory then you should check the needle size and type, to ensure that it is suitable for the type of fabric you are working with.
It is important to remember that it is not necessary to necessarily adjust the tension for all types of fabrics. For example, thin fabrics may need a higher tension than medium or heavyweight fabrics; so refer to your sewing machine manual to find the appropriate tension settings for your material.
In addition, it is important to remember that depending on the type and quality of the thread being used, the tension settings may need to be adjusted slightly. For example, if a lightweight thread is being used, then a lower tension setting may be required in order to avoid pulling the stitches to tight.
Finally, ensure that the bobbin and the spool are both set to a consistent tension. This can be accomplished by checking the thread tension on both and making sure the fine lawn needle is in the proper position. As always, refer to your sewing machine manual for more detailed instructions.
Rethreading the Machine and Adjusting Thread Path
In some cases, the tension on a sewing machine could be off because of a bad thread path. To properly rethread the machine start by raising the needle to the highest position and removing the bobbin and the thread spool. Clean all threads from the machine, then re thread the machine with the bobbin thread starting from the back and the thread spool coming out of the right side.
Additionally, make sure the thread is looped over the thread guide and under the feed dogs. Then evenly pull the thread up and move it clockwise over the take up lever and onto the tension discs. This will ensure the thread is correctly passed through the tension discs and to the needle.
Once the thread is in the correct position, lower the presser foot and begin making some test stitches. Check the tension and if necessary make adjustments by turning the tension dial or by re-looping the thread over the tension discs.
Things to Note When Adjusting the Tension
When adjusting the tension on any type of sewing machine, many variables can affect the success of the stitch quality. Threads, fabrics, needles and even the type of machine can influence the outcome. To get the perfect tension, it is important to take all of these into consideration and to adjust sufficiently until the desired results are achieved.
It should also be noted that most machines have specific tension settings for certain types of fabrics. For example, heavyweight fabrics will typically require more tension than lightweight fabrics. Check the machine manual to determine the recommended tensions for each type of fabric.
Furthermore, it is important to change the needle when switching between fabrics or types of thread. Different needles create different types of stitch which affects the tension, so always ensure that the right needle is being used for the right material.
Checking the Presser Feet and Replacing the Needle Plate
For a sewing machines tension to be reliable, the presser feet should also be maintained properly. If the presser feet are loose or worn, they can make the tension settings inconsistent. To test this, adjust the tension to the desired level and then push the presser foot down to test the tightness of the thread.
Finally, replace the needle plate when necessary. A damaged or broken needle plate can cause an inconsistent tension which will result in poor stitches. So, if the tension on the fabric does not appear consistent, it is suggested to replace the needle plate.
Checking the Wires, Hook and Bobbin
In some cases, the tension on a sewing machine could get off because of a bad wire connection or a damaged hook or bobbin. Depending on the model, the wires could be easily replaced but the hook and bobbin must be replaced as a unit. If these two components need replacing, it is best to take the machine to an authorised service centre.
Once the repair is complete, follow the instructions above for rethreading the machine and checking the presser feet. Make sure that the new hook and bobbin unit is set to the correct tension.
Regular Cleaning and Maintenance
In order to keep the tension consistent on any sewing machine, regular cleaning is essential. It is recommended to clean the machine at least once a month to prevent the accumulation of lint and dust in the tension discs. This helps to prevent the tension from becoming too low or high which will ultimately result in inconsistent stitches.
Additionally, it is important to lubricate the machine as needed to keep things running smoothly. Refer to the manual for a list of approved products and manufacturers and always ensure that the machine is turned off and unplugged before applying the oil.
Using Threads of Varying Weights
It is not advisable to use threads that vary dramatically in weight or thickness. While this may work on some machines, it will create an inconsistent tension and stitch quality. So, it is suggested to match the thread weight to the type of material and / or task. This will produce consistent results every time and will help to maintain the life of the machine.
Finally, always make sure that any repairs to the tension mechanism are made by a qualified and experienced technician. Poorly adjusted tension will not only affect the results, but the sewing machine’s performance as well.
