Sewing machines are electronic devices that are used to stitch fabrics, either for mending clothes or for decorative purposes. They are heavily reliant on factory settings that should be adjusted as per the fabric you’ll be working on. While it can be easy to think of a sewing machine not stitching as an irreparable problem, in most cases of malfunction, there are simple steps you can take to fix it.
Checking the basic components
The most important step when attempting to fix a sewing machine that is not stitching is to check the basics. Make sure you have threaded the machine correctly with both the top thread and bobbin thread, and that the tension is set to the right settings. You can check this by taking out the bobbin and making sure the spring isn’t too tight, and by using the tension dial on the top of the machine.
If you don’t have the manual to refer to, generally speaking, the upper tension will depend on the fabric, as a general rule you should start off around 4 or 5 for cottons and silks, and around 7 for linens and wool. You may have to do a few test stitches on a scrap of fabric to find the right tension settings for best results. It’s also possible you are using the incorrect needle for the project – it should be specific to the type of material you are working with – make sure it is the right size and type, and if it’s a bit old or blunt, get a new one.
Cleaning the machine
The next step is to check the cleanliness of the machine. Dust, lint and other debris can accumulate on the various parts like the needle plate and the feed dog, which can all interfere with the machine’s ability to stitch properly. Start by detaching the arm of the sewing machine and take out all the bits and pieces, like the needle and thread spool. Then take a lint brush and clean all the components, and make sure you get underneath the bobbin case and clean out the lint that collects there.
If the machine is really clogged up, it may be necessary to use compressed air to really get into the works of the machine and clean out any dust and lint. You can also purchase a small brush and use it to clean out any areas where the lint brush doesn’t reach.
Inspect the Machine
Next, inspect the sewing machine itself. Look for any loose screws or bolts and make sure they are tight and that they move freely. If there are any broken or damaged parts, you will need to review and repair them. If the spring is damaged, it needs to be replaced.
If the machine is still not stitching properly and the above steps haven’t solved the problem, you may need to check the timing of the machine. Timing relates to the upper thread and bobbin working in sync as the needle moves up and down. If the timing is off, the needle will not penetrate the fabric properly, so you will need to adjust the timing of the machine.
Aligning the Hook
On some sewing machines the next step is to check the alignment of the hook. This is the part of the machine that catches and moves the thread as it comes off the bobbin. If this is misaligned, then it can cause the thread to jam, or the needle to skip stitches.
To align the hook, start by turning off the machine and unplugging it. Then locate the hook and loosen the two screws on it. This adjustment can range from a few millimeters to several centimetres, so take care not to make it too tight. Then, plug the machine back in, turn it on and test it out on a piece of scrap fabric.
Check the Feed Dog
Another potential culprit for a sewing machine not stitching is the feed dog. This is the metal piece of metal just beneath the needle which moves backwards and forwards as the machine runs, helping to feed the fabric through. It can sometimes become stuck in one position due to dirt or lint, and this can interfere with the stitching.
To fix this, turn off the machine and unplug it. Clean any dirt and lint out of the feed dog and then firmly press the foot pedal. This should make the feed dog move freely, so if it is still stuck, check the tension settings. You may also need to adjust the tension of the needle bar, which is the tricky process that requires professional assistance.
Check The Electricals
Sometimes a sewing machine can stop stitching due to an electrical fault, or if it has been handled improperly. In both cases, the fuse may have blown or the switch may have been damaged. To check this, start by unplugging the machine and unscrewing the screws on the bottom of the machine.
If you can see a fuse, replace it with the same type and make sure the terminals are pointing in the right direction. If the switch has been damaged, you can purchase a new switch from the manufacturer or from a local sewing supply store. Once you’ve done that, screw the back of the machine into place and plug it in.
How to Prevent Problems
Regular maintenance is the best way to prevent a sewing machine from malfunctioning, as this can help to avoid problems like tension issues, lint buildup and misalignment of the parts. It’s also important to remember to use the right type of needle and thread for the fabric you’re working with, as this can make a big difference in the quality of the sewing. Finally, make sure you properly assemble and thread the machine before you start sewing, and take frequent breaks to give your machine a break too.
Conclusion
Malfunctions in sewing machines can easily cause frustration and make it seem like an irreparable problem, but in most cases there are simple steps you can take to fix it. Start by checking the basics like the tension and needle size, then clean the machine and inspect for loose screws or broken parts. Make sure to check the electricals, like the fuse and switch, as well as the feed dog and hook alignment. With some time, patience and regular maintenance, you’ll have your sewing machine up and running in no time.
