Technical Aspects
Using a sewing machine takes some skill and practice, and ensuring you have the correct tension set up for the type of thread, fabric and stitch being used will make all the difference to making it a pleasant and successful experience. Sewing machines from different brands and models vary in how one adjusts the tension. But like most Singer sewing machines, the thread tension is usually adjusted using a dial next to the needle. Generally, the tension should be set to halfway, therefore if the stitch remains on the fabric’s surface, the tension needs to be adjusted. So it’s time to take a look at how you can adjust and fix the thread tension.
When adjusting the thread tension on a Singer sewing machine, it’s recommended to start by following the manual of the specific machine you own. Such directions are always included with the machine and can provide a more detailed and accurate way of adjusting the thread tension. However, in general, adjusting the thread tension is fairly straightforward and follows the same process.
The first step is to determine the correct tension setting for the thread, fabric and stitch type you are using. This can usually be found in the manual for the specific model of sewing machine you are using, and is also included in the instruction booklet for most sewing machine thread cones.
Manual Adjustments
To adjust the thread tension, firstly ensure the needle and pressure foot are all in the correct position and prepare for sewing, for example, ensure you have the correct fabric underneath and the thread is correctly placed between the tension disks.
Most Singer sewing machine models have a dial to the right of the needle, with a small hole in the middle opening max and minimum tension settings. Of course, this should be set to the recommended setting according to the kind of thread, fabric and stitch you are using.
If the tension needs to be slightly adjusted it is often recommended to start adjusting the tension in small increments. Once the dial is adjusted to the desired setting, take a few stitches on a scrap piece of fabric – a TEST FABRIC – to see if the tension is going to produce the right kind of stitches
After taking a few stitches, ensure you hold the thread tails and lift the presser foot. Slowly pull on the thread tails from the underside of the fabric and observe the stitch from the top, if the thread should be loose on the top then the tension on the machine needs to be increased, however, if it’s bunched up and looks too tight, then the tension will need to be decreased.
A good, regular stitch should look evenly balanced, with the top and bottom threads almost appearing to lie in-between each other. This kind of stitch should be achieved by only the very slight adjustment of the tension dial of the sewing machine, so remember to adjust it in small increments until you find the perfect balance for the stitch.
Materials Affect
The fabric and type of thread used can also affect the level of tension. Thicker fabrics will usually require a tighter tension than lighter fabrics, as the thicker material needs more support from the thread.
Thread also differs across material types, it’s important to use thread that is compatible with the fabric and the kind of stitch you are intending to make. Cotton thread works great for fabrics like denim, but it’s not suitable for silk and other delicate fabrics. Therefore, if you’re sewing with a thicker thread such as a cotton one, you may need to loosen the tension even more.
Problem Areas
Sometimes, thread tension problems can be related to physical machine issues. When thread tension can’t be properly adjusted, it is often caused by a bent hook as it won’t be able to catch the thread and transport it between the tension disks. The hook is also adjustable, however if the hook is broken then it’s usually difficult to repair.
Threads tangling can also be a result of machine faults; if threads aren’t transported in the correct order between the tension disks then the hook can’t grab the thread properly. Sometimes, the hook might not be able to grab the bobbin thread or the take-up lever may not be in its correct position, so make sure your hook, lever and presser foot are all in the correct position.
Knob Adjustment
If all else fails then it might be advisable to check the knob below the machine. Often this knob allows one to adjust the needle position, but certain models may feature a knob to adjust the hook timing. To adjust the hook timing correctly, use a screwdriver and loosen the screw below the machine until the hook needle gap is just right.
Once everything is properly in place, begin testing by pushing the needle into the machine with the presser foot up. If the thread is able to pass through the needle without the tension being screwed up too much then the thread tension should be fixed and ready to use.
Auxiliary Tools
To help with troubleshooting and understanding thread tension more easily, thread tension models are sold which come with a gauge. The gauges serve as a great visual guide to show the effect of different adjustments on the tension.
Also special needles, such as stretch needles, may be required for certain fabrics. Different needle sizes and shapes are available, so if something doesn’t look quite right, it might be worth trying out a different type of needle.
Maintenance
After the thread tension is set up, keeping it in good condition is key to avoid future problems. Periodically examine the sewing machine for signs of wear and tear; making sure the bobbin is in correct position, the hook timing is correct and the tension disks are clean.
Also, regularly check for frayed and tangled threads as this may indicate the needle has been overworked or the tension is incorrectly set. It’s important to note however, that fixing thread tension may not be the only problem with the stitching process, so it is important to always test the stitch or consult a professional for further assistance.
