Background Information
Singer sewing machines are some of the most popular and widely used machines, with a variety of different models and features. Sometimes, when using a Singer machine, a bobbin case problem can occur. The bobbin case, also known as the bobbin, holds the small spool of thread underneath the sewing machine and helps determine the tension and tension balance of the stitch. If the bobbin case is not functioning properly, the stitch quality and tension will be dramatically affected. Fortunately, bobbin case problems can usually be easily fixed with a few tips and tricks.
Checking For and Diagnosing the Problem
Begin by unthreading the machine and inspecting the bobbin case. Look for any loose parts inside the case, or thread that is wrapped around the spindles. If you find any of these issues, simply remove them and rethread the machine. If there are no visible issues, it is likely that the problem lies within the tension of the bobbin case. To test the tension, gather some scrap fabric and place it underneath the presser foot, and then turn on the machine. If there are still tension issues, this may be the result of an improper bobbin case or incorrect thread tension.
Adjusting the Tension
The tension on the bobbin case can be adjusted to ensure that the stitch is properly balanced. To adjust the tension, first locate the bobbin tension adjustment screw. This is usually located on top of the bobbin case and can be adjusted with a small screwdriver. Depending on the model of the sewing machine, the screw may be found on the front, back, or side of the bobbin case. Turn the screw very slightly in either direction to increase or decrease the tension as needed.
Testing the Stitch
Once the tension has been adjusted, the stitch should be tested again. Place a small piece of scrap fabric under the presser foot and turn on the machine. If the stitch is still too tight or too loose, the tension may need to be adjusted further. Make sure to make small adjustments, as a large change in tension can have a negative effect on the stitch. If the stitch is still not even, or if it appears to be looping or unraveling, it may be time to change the bobbin case.
Replacing the Bobbin Case
If the tension does not seem to be the source of the problem, the bobbin case may need to be replaced. To do this, first remove the bobbin from its casing by pressing the release button. Then, check that the bobbin is the correct type and size for the machine. Most Singer machines have specific types of bobbins, so be sure to check the user manual to determine the correct type. Finally, when the new bobbin case is in place, make sure that the tension is correctly adjusted.
Cleaning the Feed Dog
The feed dog is an important part of the sewing machine, as it helps the needle move the fabric in a uniform and even manner. If the feed dog is clogged or damaged, stitches may be uneven or loose. A quick cleaning of the feed dog can often rectify this issue. To clean the feed dog, use a brush or vacuum to gently remove any dirt or debris from the teeth. Once the feed dog is cleaned, re-thread the machine and test the stitch.
Troubleshooting Tips
Despite the above steps, it is possible that the problem persists. If this is the case, it is important to troubleshoot the machine to determine the source of the problem. Begin by trying different thread and needles, as these can affect the stitch tension and quality. Additionally, ensure that the fabric being sewn is the proper type for the needle and machine. Finally, if all else fails, it may be necessary to take the machine to a professional repair shop.
Preventative Maintenance
As with all machines, regular maintenance is important. Cleaning and oiling the bobbin case and feed dog is essential maintenance and can often prevent future problems with tension and stitch quality. Additionally, make sure the spool of thread is not too full, as this can cause the thread to bunch up and cause tension issues. Finally, clean the machine often and make sure that all the parts are tightly secured.
Resolving Thread Breaks
When using a Singer machine, it is possible for thread to break or knot during sewing. If this happens, there may be an issue with the bobbin case or tension adjustment. Try rethreading the machine, as this may solve the problem. Additionally, make sure that the needle is the correct type for the fabric being sewn. If thread breaks still occur, further troubleshooting may be needed.
Stabilizers and ThreadNest Tension Settings
Stabilizers are a great way to support the fabric while stitching and help ensure that the thread is evenly tensioned. Additionally, if you are using an electronic sewing machine, there may be an option to adjust the tension using the ThreadNest setting. The thread should be slightly tight, resulting in a clean and even stitch with no loops or thread breaks.
Finishing the Seam
Once the seam is finished, it is important to take the extra step of reinforcing the stitch. One way to do this is with an overlock stitch, which is achieved by overlapping two or more threads and stitching over them. Alternatively, a zigzag stitch can also be used to give the seam extra durability. The reinforcement will help ensure that the seam stays intact, even after washing or wear.
Choosing the Right Needle
The right needle is essential for a perfect seam, as it can affect the stitch tension and quality. When selecting a needle, consider the fabric being sewn, as different fabrics require different types of needles. Additionally, the needle should be the correct size for the fabric and thread, as both can affect the tension in the stitch. It is best to start with a standard needle, but if more tension is needed, a ball point needle may be the better choice.
Thread Paths and Guides
In addition to properly tensioned thread, Singer machines can be equipped with various thread paths and guides. These are designed to keep the thread in place and help ensure that the tension remains even. This ensures that the stitch is balanced and even, with no loops or puckers. Correct thread paths and guides can make a huge difference in the quality of the final product.
Troubleshooting Techniques
If any of the above steps fail, further troubleshooting may be needed. If the tension on the bobbin case is not correct, try adjusting the pressure foot first. This is often an overlooked step, and a simple change of the pressure can often be enough to fix tension issues. Additionally, try different thread and needles, and be sure to use the correct type of fabric for the machine. With time and a little practice, any Singer machine can be fixed and producing perfect seams in no time.
